Science & Lab Tools
Electrolysis Calculator
Calculate mass of deposited material, time required, and current needed for electrolysis reactions.
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Related to Electrolysis Calculator
The Electrolysis Calculator is based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis, which describe the relationship between the amount of electrical charge passed through an electrolyte and the amount of substance deposited or liberated at an electrode. This calculator helps determine the mass of material deposited, time required, or current needed during electrolysis processes.
Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis
The fundamental equation used in this calculator is derived from Faraday's laws: m = (M * I * t) / (n * F) where: - m is the mass of the deposited substance (in grams) - M is the molar mass of the substance (in g/mol) - I is the current (in amperes) - t is the time (in seconds) - n is the number of electrons transferred per ion - F is the Faraday constant (96,485 coulombs per mole)
Applications
This calculator is particularly useful in: - Electroplating processes - Industrial electrolysis - Electrochemical research - Metal purification - Electrochemical synthesis
The calculator provides three possible outputs depending on your calculation needs. Understanding these results is crucial for practical applications in electrochemistry and industrial processes.
Mass Deposited
The mass result shows how much material will be deposited on the electrode in grams. This is particularly useful in electroplating to determine coating thickness or in electrolysis to calculate product yield.
Time Required
The time result indicates how long (in seconds) the electrolysis process needs to run to achieve the desired mass deposition. This helps in planning industrial processes and laboratory experiments.
Current Needed
The current result shows the required electrical current (in amperes) to deposit a specific mass in a given time. This is essential for power supply selection and process optimization.
1. What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is an electrochemical process where electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves passing an electric current through a substance to cause chemical changes, typically the decomposition of the substance or the deposition of a material on an electrode.
2. How accurate are the calculator's results?
The calculator provides theoretically perfect results based on Faraday's laws. However, real-world electrolysis processes may have slightly lower yields due to factors like current efficiency, solution resistance, and side reactions. The calculator assumes 100% current efficiency.
3. What is the Faraday constant and why is it important?
The Faraday constant (F) is a fundamental physical constant representing the magnitude of electric charge per mole of electrons. It equals approximately 96,485 coulombs per mole and is crucial in electrochemistry as it relates the amount of electrical charge to the amount of chemical change in electrolysis.
4. How do I determine the number of electrons transferred?
The number of electrons transferred (n) corresponds to the change in oxidation state of the species being deposited or liberated. For example, when Cu²⁺ is reduced to Cu metal, n = 2; when Al³⁺ is reduced to Al metal, n = 3. This value can be determined from the half-reaction occurring at the electrode.
5. What is the scientific source for this calculator?
This calculator is based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis, first published by Michael Faraday in 1834 and refined through subsequent research. The calculations follow standard electrochemical principles as described in fundamental texts such as "Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications" by Allen J. Bard and Larry R. Faulkner, and "Modern Electrochemistry" by John O'M. Bockris and Amulya K.N. Reddy. The Faraday constant value used (96,485 C/mol) is the internationally accepted value as defined by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and CODATA (Committee on Data for Science and Technology).